While primordia appear to have a 50% chance of emerging if they are directly preceded by a non-emerged primodium, the probability of emergence rises to 0.76 if the two previous primordia both emerged.
The majority of larvae emerged as adults; however, in both experiments, the probability of emerging was lower for individuals exposed to V. culicis; probability of emergence for uninfected vs. infected larvae; Experiment I, 86.8% vs 80.5%; Experiment II, 91.5% vs 71.9%, respectively.
These effector mechanisms affect different aspects of parasite biology and therefore could be targeted synergistically to reduce the probability of emergence of parasite resistance to any one mechanism.
Therefore, they could decrease the probability of emergence of resistant tumor clones [13, 14, 15].
In addition, the probability of emergence increases when more mammals are infected when this also corresponds with a rise in potential transmission events.
A probability of emergence of kidney complication might be suggested in T2D condition.
We calculated the probability of emergence of a ball as a function of the cumulated flow (equation 4, where z is the survival curve, z = 1-y).
Using a stochastic birth-death model of the within-host emergence of drug resistant M. tb, we show that the probability of emergence of MDR TB is much higher than previously expected, even when combination chemotherapy is reliably delivered.
Thus, seed phenology linked to environmental conditions can impact the probability of emergence and establishment, and changes in environment are likely to either ameliorate or exacerbate seedling emergence and establishment without concomitant shifts in phenology.
At the tissue level, the probability of emergence of a malignant cell will increase with age since an older individual will have more cell cycles in their lifetime and, consequently, increased cancer incidence.
