Exact(8)
An international commitment working through the Meningitis Vaccine Project developed an inexpensive vaccine against meningitis A (4) that can be used in proactive vaccination.
Understanding these relationships will improve our understanding of anthrax disease ecology, help focus surveillance and efficiently direct proactive vaccination.
Control through proactive vaccination followed by 2 years of continuous monitoring and vaccination should be sufficient to guarantee elimination from an isolated area not subject to repeat introductions.
Under all the conditions that we explored (Fig. S3), the probability of elimination within the 2-year monitoring period was lower for reactive than for proactive vaccination.
In terms of vaccination strategies that are most effective, previous work showed that reactive vaccination can outperform proactive vaccination, eliminating rabies more rapidly particularly in areas with little human-mediated transport of dogs [31].
However, at detection probabilities below 0.10 the probability of elimination was much lower for reactive vaccination than proactive vaccination, and declined to zero when detection probability was 0.01 (Fig. 4C).
Similar(52)
At meetings held in May and June 2013, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) publicly concluded that they found no reason for concern, but temporarily suspended proactive recommendation of vaccination for both available HPV vaccines in Japan (Cervarix® and Gardasil™ [HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine, Merck & Co.]) until more information was available.
Assuming realistically poor surveillance (probability of detection <0.1), we show that proactive mass dog vaccination is much more effective at controlling rabies and no more costly than campaigns that vaccinate in response to case detection.
We used database reviews and statistical methods to maximise case detection and reduce uncertainty There is not sufficient evidence to suggest an increased risk of CRPS following HPV-16/18-adjuvanted HPV-16/18-adjuvanted HPV-16/18-adjuvantedrity temporarily suspended proactivaccinemmendatInn of HPV vaccination after reports of a chronic pain condition (CRPS) in Japan.
For programmes aiming for disease elimination, we would recommend a proactive strategy of mass vaccination continued for a 2-year period following 6 consecutive months without any detected cases.
In the UK alone there are different policies being pursued in England (proactive badger culling), Wales (badger vaccination) and Northern Ireland (test and vaccinate), and the Republic of Ireland has opted for yet another option (reactive badger culling).
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