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The Y-Comm architecture [11] was developed to explore proactive handover issues in future mobile networks.
This shows the importance of NDT in achieving a proactive handover.
The work in [12] proposes a proactive handover policy using a simple mathematical model.
This provides more insight into how to support life critical applications using proactive handover techniques.
Proactive handover facilitates minimise disruption due to service degradation or packet loss during handover by signalling to the higher layers that a handover is about to happen.
Proactive handover based: These schemes [41 44] are on the assumption that the mobile host will issue a handover notification before moving.
Similar(46)
These tasks may need interaction with the higher layers to guarantee a seamless and proactive vertical handover, which is beyond the scope of this paper.
In [25], a seamless proactive vertical handover algorithm was proposed which took into account the users preferences, network conditions, velocity of the mobile station and application requirements for selecting a candidate network for handover which is stable.
Even though an application layer handoff approach, proactive and adaptive handover system [4], was proposed using session initiation protocol (SIP) [5], some network and data link layer operations can be integrated, for example an IP address pre-fetching and link layer call admission.
The work in [21], proposed a seamless handover scheme based on proactive caching of data packets.
Additionally, some of the MICS commands enable the upper layer to ask the link layer about its status before making the handover decision, this is very crucial to support proactive, mobile-initiated handover.
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