A higher score reflects more proactive coping competencies.
We hypothesize that positive illness perceptions (i.e., positive beliefs about the effects of the illness on daily life), adaptive proactive coping competencies, and low levels of depressive symptoms are associated with better DA and better HRQoL in COPD patients.
The Utrecht Proactive Coping Competence questionnaire (UPCC) [ 33] was used to assess individuals' competency with regard to the various skills associated with proactive coping.
Together with the increasing proportion of people living with chronic conditions, competencies for proactive self-management of health and participation in collaborative care have become key public health agendas [ 1, 2].
The Eat Smart protocol will include a unique preparatory phase where we address motivational and perceived self competency issues in a proactive manner by the use of a validated psychological skills programme (FRIENDS for life) [ 27].
Patients have to become more responsible for their own health, and professionals have to adopt a proactive, supporting role to encourage patients' health competencies [ 32, 34].
In addition, recognition and proactive management of common side effects of opioid treatment are important competencies for critical care practice.
SHPH-Ds deliver public health and primary care in Thailand, they act as managers and practitioners in the complex situation therefore, a set of competency on organizational development and professionalism, emotional intelligence, proactive approach, financial planning and information management were found in the real practice.
Making competencies visible will allow an emerging army of pre-hire training intermediaries (as well as some proactive employers) to begin contacting students –even freshmen and sophomores – suggesting relevant coursework or extracurricular activities, and offering virtual internships.
