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In vehicle-treated control animals, UUO induced a clear fibrotic effect, as indicated by a fourfold increase in the mean Hyp:Pro ratio in ligated kidneys compared with non-ligated control kidneys (0.175 ± 0.011 vs. 0.045 ± 0.0005; P < 0.001).
In the current study, ligated kidneys of vehicle-treated animals were compared with non-ligated control kidneys of the same animals to determine the fibrotic effect of UUO using the standard tissue Hyp:Pro ratio to assess the fibrotic response.
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FG-3019 treatmentreatmentbstalsoally reduced Hyp:Pro ratiosubstantiallyns examined.
In the UUO study, Hyp:Pro ratios from uninjured contralateral control kidneys from all groups were pooled with the healthy control group.
Organ fibrosis was quantitatively scored by comparing the Hyp:Pro ratios within tissues, which is a standard measure of collagen content relative to total organ protein.
Hyp:Pro ratios in the kidney, liver, lung and heart were substantially increased after coadministration of TGF-β2 and CTGF, whereas treatment with either cytokine alone did not increase Hyp:Pro ratios relative to vehicle controls (Table 1), thus demonstrating a clear interaction between CTGF and TGF-β in this model.
Intraperitoneal coadministration of CTGF and TGF-β2 elicited a profound fibrotic response that was inhibited by the human anti-CTGF antibody FG-3019, as indicated by the ability of FG-3019 to ameliorate the histologic signs of fibrosis and reduce the otherwise increased hydroxyproline:proline (Hyp:Pro) ratios by 25% in kidney (P < 0.05), 30% in liver (P < 0.01) and 63% in lung (P < 0.05).
The kidneys of animals treated with 10 and 30 mg/kg FG-3019 were significantly protected from UUO-induced fibrosis, as indicated by reduction of 20%and15%5%, respectively, in their induced Hyp:Pro ratios compared with untreated UUO control mice (P < 0.05), respectively.
However, compared to articular cartilage (AC), the NP maintains a unique extracellular matrix (ECM) with a higher glycosaminoglycan to hydroxyproline (GAG/OH-pro) ratio, and its native cells display distinctive gene expression signatures [ 3- 5].
According to New York State Comptroller Alan Hevesi Alan Hevesi, if the underwriters of the remaining two-thirds of the WorldCom bonds also settle, they would pay an additional $2.8 billion using the same pro rata ratio agreed to by Citigroup.
In GK rats, IL-1Ra reduces islet IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNAs and IL-6 production, likely improving insulin processing, as reflected by their better circulating pro-insulin/insulin ratio.
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