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They were asked to fixate on the "x" target in the straight ahead position with or without the prism correction, i.e. in VO or VH, respectively.
For the local comparisons between the vertical phoria and the viewing distance, there was no difference before and after prism correction at 40 cm, but the Scheffé post hoc test showed a significant difference where the surface of CoP excursions and SDx were significantly smaller at 200 cm after the prism correction (p = 0.005 and p = 0.007, respectively).
A mixed ANOVA design was used with two main factors: the distance with two levels – 40 cm and 200 cm –; and the vertical phoria with two levels – VH, and with the prism correction (PC) to cancel it –.
Secondly, prisms were placed on each eye in turn and we retained the final prism correction, the prism that eliminated vertical heterophoria when the Maddox Rod Test was carried out on each eye.
For the local comparisons between distances, the Scheffé post hoc test showed that the surface of CoP excursions and SDx were significantly smaller at the closer viewing distance than the father one in VH condition (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.002, respectively), and after the prism correction on the surface of CoP (p = 0.044).
In all, the results showed main effects (i) of distance, i.e. increasing of postural sway when the distance increased, (ii) of vertical phoria where the postural sway decreased in prism correction condition, i.e. when VH is cancelled, notably when subjects are looking at a target at a far distance.
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Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post-ANOVA pair-wise tests using the Bonferroni correction (Prism 5, GraphPad Software Inc., CA, USA).
The significance of comparison between two data sets was determined using the unpaired, two-tailed Student t test with Welch's correction (Prism v6.0 software, GraphPadSoftware) and differences were considered significant if p ≤ 0.05.
Group-wise comparisons were performed with two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc correction (Prism Version 4.03, GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA).
Statistical analyses of significant differences were performed with unpaired t-test assuming Gaussian distribution with Welch's correction (GraphPad Prism software, San Diego, CA, USA).
The children, whose average age was 10, were assigned to wear either single-vision lenses, bifocals or bifocals with prism, a type of correction that is ground into lenses to help the eyes work together and enhance near vision.
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