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In this context, "priority-setting" focuses on identifying different health technologies for which an evaluation regarding their inclusion in the health system is warranted, while HTA relates to the actual evaluation of a specific technology.
Present studies on HIV treatment in South Africa priority setting typically focus on one of the following criteria.
Over the last few decades, research on healthcare priority setting has focused on methods of implementation as well as on the development of approaches related to fairness and legitimacy and on more technical aspects of decision making including the use of multi-criteria decision analysis.
A central issue is the extent to which priority setting approaches focus on 'technical analysis' or 'due process' for their legitimacy [ 9].
Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) provides one way to set priorities that focuses on allocating resources to where they are (potentially) most beneficial [ 29].
The COHRED management process to priority setting - Focus on the management process for national-level exercises [ 26, 28] Recently, COHRED has developed a management approach for countries to set health research priorities.
Another key observation is that most studies of priority setting in hospitals focused on developed country settings with few being conducted in developing countries.
So far, priority setting tends to focus primarily on effectiveness and efficiency and less on equity-related social values [ 9].
Research with those doing health care priority setting should be focused on helping to understand the extent to which these positions may be pre-planned.
Priority setting research has focused on the macro (national) and micro (bedside) level, leaving the meso (institutional, hospital) level relatively neglected.
The focus on the process of priority setting rather than on the priorities as such is an innovation that responds to the long standing calls for increased focus on process and context to enhance the delivery of quality service [ 6].
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