In conclusion, prior to the availability of ART, traditional herbal or spiritual therapies were the only healthcare options available in this community for those with HIV-related disease.
Prior to the availability of human insulin, most people with diabetes could be treated with the bovine or porcine insulin products, which had been available for 50 years (see above Isolation of insulin).
Specifically, we provide the forest inventory plot-data-to-carbon-stock conversion factors and associated uncertainty bounds in use for the reporting years prior to the availability of more directly measured or sampled carbon stocks.
In the movement disorder dystonia, prior to the availability of genetically engineered mice, spontaneous mutants were chosen based on expression of dystonic features, including abnormal muscle contraction, movements and postures.
Prior to the availability of Client Portal, alternatives were insecure, inefficient and expensive".
Prior to the availability of the spectrophotometric methods, both optical and chemical methods were used.
Prior to the availability of OpenDragon, projects and theses related to remote sensing and GIS were rare in our department.
Prior to the availability of locking plates (that can rely on unicortical fixation), this technique was quite challenging given the need for bicortical screw purchase.
Prior to the availability of DNA-based markers; cytological, morphological and agronomic traits were exploited for the selection of the superior genotypes.
In contrast, decision-analysis techniques offer the potential to analyze the performance of a new technology prior to the availability of long-term clinical outcome data.
But now assume that the official does so prior to the availability of any relevant scientific knowledge concerning the pollution which results from such discharges, and prior to the existence of any institutional arrangement for monitoring and controlling pollution.
