The proposed method exploits the statistical structure embedded in the input samples prior to computing the performance functions of these samples.
In this approach, Gaussian noise is added to the transformation parameters prior to computing the cost function gradient in each iteration of the SGD optimizer.
Prior to computing a short-term power spectra, the audio signal is filtered with a first-order FIR filter to spectrally flatten the signal.
The gray levels of an image are commonly quantized into a lower number of intensity levels prior to computing the co-occurrence matrix.
Prior to computing α for a given β by Eq. (33), we need to know the norm of the matrix B. When min{m,n} is small, the norm of the matrix B can be computed directly.
To achieve a homogeneous fit across all experimental voltammograms and avoid large deviations for small-amplitude voltammograms, the currents of simulated and experimental voltammograms were scaled to the interval [-1,1], prior to computing the objective function.
A four-parameter logistic function as suggested in [24] is used prior to computing the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient: MOS P i = β 1 - β 2 1 + exp M i - β 3 β 4 + β 2 (26).
The method in[17] does not employ the TE operation prior to computing the threshold value, and the threshold value for each subband of a noisy speech frame is determined by statistically modeling the WP coefficients.
Another key advantage is that we can easily estimate the maximum step-size prior to computing data sets representing the discretized solution, because we can approximate the radius of convergence from the solution approximants unlike the Runge Kutta approach with its intrinsic linearization between computed data points.
Variance : γ 2 ≡ C 2 0 = E x 2 n, (5) Skewness : C 3 0, 0 = E x 3 n, Kurtosis : C 4 0, 0, 0 = E x 4 n − 3 E x 2 n 2. When estimating HOS from finite data records, the variance of the estimators is reduced by normalizing the input data to have a unity variance, prior to computing the estimators.
