Hence, if empirical data are gathered without prior reflection about their significance within a normative deliberation on the respective topic, these data's relevance for ethics as a normative discipline must be regarded as more or less accidental.
Therefore, opportunities are provided for teaching in real situations with students and fostering reflection on one's own prior knowledge and beliefs.
The framework presented in Table 1 draws heavily upon prior theoretical reflections on migration and immigrant integration, but offers a new and comprehensive approach to immigrant integration based on actor-centered institutionalism (see Scharpf 1997).
This prompted students to draw on their prior experience – an important component of adult learning as well as promoting reflection-on-action.
Reflection after the event (reflection-on-action) provides insights that can improve future practice.
Schön suggests three types of reflection that may occur: 1) reflection-on-action (reflection post-event), 2) reflection-in-action (reflection during the time of action), and 3) knowing-in-action (intuitive knowing established from repetitive practice) [ 18].
This study presents a critical reflection on the effect of prior experience of a destination and the change in users' perceptions following exposure to user-generated content (UCG).
Therefore, a reflection on the presumably ethical significance of empirical data prior to the beginning of an empirical study would be desirable.
In 2000, in his 89th year, Sábato released a new work, a reflection on Western culture titled La resistencia ("The Resistance"), on the Internet prior to its print publication.
As a reflection on "good participatory practices", the study has also been able to demonstrate the importance of formative work prior to initiating HIV prevention research in a unique community setting.
