The presumption against prior restraint leads to stronger journalism.
Two prior convictions raise the presumption to a mandatory life term.
Prior to 9/11, the operative presumption in developed nations favoured privacy, but the security narrative has since reversed the presumption, eroding our privacy rights in favour of government control over our personal information.
It is ambiguous whether that means prior notification is the general presumption or the exception.
In Bayesian statistics, a prior probability that represents the presumption of the statistician is combined with empirical data to derive a posterior probability by means of Bayes' theorem.
And to what extent does diachronic rationality require cross-temporal coherence in the form of a presumption in favor of prior intentions.
Some big questions in this area include the following: To what extent does self-governance over time (or at least effective self-governance over time) require cross-temporal coherence in the form of a presumption in favor of prior intentions?
My own view is that it is ensuring the avoidance of self-defeating behavior rather than ensuring self-governance over time that is rationally required, and so diachronic rationality requires a presumption in favor of prior intentions only when this is necessary for avoiding self-defeating behavior (Andreou, forthcoming).
Restraining publication of truthful information — prior restraint, as it is known — comes "bearing a heavy presumption against its constitutional validity," a presumption not met by the argument that the publication of a classified study of the government's policies in Vietnam would hinder national security.
Since no presumptions about localization of binding sites prior to comparison are used, ProBiS may detect new binding sites and suggest ligands that these binding sites may accommodate.
Additionally, the authors did not have access to measures of glycemic control prior to admission to the ICU and so their presumption that patients with diabetes may behave differently due to adaptive mechanisms developed owing to chronic hyperglycemia is based on supposition rather than on objective measurements such as glycosylated hemoglobin.
