This view was also soundly refuted by Abelard on the grounds that if an individual is a man only because it is a member of the collection of men, there can be no prior basis for putting an individual into one collection rather than another.
Without any prior basis for weighting importance of different activities in the initiation, we calculated the average effect across the 10 components as though each was a separate exposure; this relied on Meta, an R program.
The A.C.L.U. also said that since 2008, agents had been authorized to begin low-level investigations, called assessments, of a person or a group without having any prior factual basis for suspecting the target of wrongdoing.
53 However, the use of informed priors provides a basis for dealing with situations where there is inconsistency in results from different trials, trials included have not reported results, and where a sparse network makes estimating heterogeneity challenging.
A foundation of the latent-trait continuum is that learning is cumulative and prior knowledge becomes the basis for the development of new knowledge and understandings (Humphry & Heldsinger, 2007).
Prior research provides the basis for a network tying the design elements, construction activities, and work crews on a typical building project together along with the extent of interaction between each of the system elements in terms of safety.
We had no prior information as a basis for calculating a sample size for this pilot study.
Though neither of these approaches is necessarily involved in the formation of indices, they are part of the intellectual basis for prior and subsequent analysis.
The nine papers included in our prior review formed the basis for developing a typology of barriers to recruiting ethnic minorities into mental health research.
This sample was ascertained and recruited independently from the DHS, but using the same diagnostic criteria for T2DM diagnosis and has been the basis for prior genetic studies of T2DM [ 31, 32].
Our study provides a mechanistic basis for prior unexplained observations that K11-Ub linkages are involved in proteasome-independent pathways, including TNF-α signaling (Dynek et al., 2010), endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins (Boname et al., 2010), and hypoxia signaling (Bremm et al., 2014).
