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The findings suggest that there may be no or only a very small advantage to hand signing of covering letters, and future postal surveys could use covering letters with scanned and printed signatures without compromising the response rate.
Only five of the 48 studies in this analysis evaluated the effects of hand signing letters versus duplicated or printed signatures, and none of these involved a questionnaire sent to health professionals.
The PSA/DNA company, for instance, have been held-up for misidentifying fake and printed signatures as genuine.
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All bear the printed signature of Isaac Israel Hayes, the director of the hospital.
There are a number of letters like this - with the printed signature J Smith - dating back to 2002.
Kennedy's printed signature on the card is "Ken". The exhibition also chronicles the mixed feelings of Kennedy's classmates toward his political career.
Kennedy's printed signature on the card is "Ken". This presidential campaign brochure for Kennedy is part of the papers of Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson, which are held at Princeton's Mudd Library.
Abraham Lincoln signed military commissions (appointments of officers during the Civil War) but he left it to a printed signature to release all soldiers who had fulfilled their service, a so-called discharge document.
Individuals were randomly allocated to receive a covering letter with either a computer printed signature or a hand written signature.
The response rate was 79.1% (1506/1905) in the hand-signed group and 78.4% (1484/1894) in the scanned and printed signature group.
One factor that may influence response rate is whether the covering letter that is sent out with the questionnaire is hand signed or bears a photocopied or printed signature.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com