In philosophy of biology, reduction involves questions about how different biological disciplines and theories are related, and how biology itself is connected to physics and chemistry (e.g., is biology autonomous, possessing its own theoretical principles, explanations, and methods?).
Logically, we would expect all plant species to benefit from nutrient-rich patches (when they are nutrient limited) and so we lack a first principles explanation that can permit an understanding of why species differ so much in their foraging responses (Kembel et al. 2008; McNickle and Cahill 2009; McNickle et al. 2009).
Evolutionary ecology has advanced two principle explanations for the maintenance of variation in immune defence and resistance (Schmid-Hempel 2003).
Table 1 Principles for MEA design Principle Explanation Reality principle Students can make sense of the situation based on their experience.
First-principles explanation of a broad class of geometric visual hallucination patterns began with Cowan's work with Ermentrout [26] and later extended to include anatomical details such as long-range anisotropic, orientation-specific connectivity [7, 10 12, 21].
Table 2 The instrumental principles of sustainability Instrumental rule Explanation Internalisation of external social and environmental costs Prices have to reflect the external environmental and social costs arising through the economic process.
Appeals to evolutionary principles for explanations of behaviour – we show micro-awakenings because of a primal fear of being eaten – are sometimes rejected as speculative Just So Stories, because they're untestable.
The idea was to foster comparative research on humans so that anthropologists and other social scientists could discover which principles and explanations are universally valid, not culture bound.
It states that "Intelligent design lies wholly outside of science," has no underpinning scientific principles, or explanations, and is not accepted by the science community as a whole.
It consisted of a critical review of the philosophy of Avicenna, preserving its main external features (its logical, physical, and, in part, metaphysical structure, and its terminology) and introducing principles of explanation for the universe and its relation to God based on personal experience and direct vision.
They are possessed, as it were, by a logical fanaticism that leads them to mistake the abstractive principles of explanation for principles of existence.
