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Now Carnap, under the banner of the principle of logical tolerance (1934/37, §17), abandoned the idea of the one universal logic which had informed Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein before him.
It would reflect the principle of logical or analytical behaviorism that if mental terms are to be used in the description and explanation of behavior, they must be defined or paraphrased in non-mental behavioral terms.
In many if not most of these cases more than one of the readings will be consistent with the context, and in keeping with the principle of logical charity when that principle is applicable.
For example, Kant's lectures on logic refer to 'the criterion of truth: to compare one's opinions with those of other people... The principle of indifference etc. to the judgments of others in comparison with my own is [by contrast] the principle of logical egoism' (24.2 740, as quoted/translated by Gelfert 2006: 644).
The principle of logical charity is no help in this case assume that the author(s) do not contradict themselves because the Daodejing is notorious for being paradoxical: Chapter 56 begins: "Those who know do not speak; Those who speak do not know", which is clearly intentional, and rhetorically efficacious despite its logical invitation to a charge of tu quoque.
As this schema is target and drug dependent, aspects of it are not relevant for some of the therapeutic approaches that we have reviewed; but the principle of logical progression remains important.
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Intuitionistic logic encompasses the principles of logical reasoning which were used by L. E. J. Brouwer in developing his intuitionistic mathematics, beginning in [1907].
He had made his name (which was then plain A. J. Ayer) in the nineteen-thirties as the precocious author of "Language, Truth and Logic," probably the most masterly exposition in English of the principles of logical positivism.
Thus, from a value-theoretical standpoint, the main task of philosophy, taken generally, is to establish the principles of logical, ethical and aesthetical assessments, and Windelband accordingly highlighted the triad of basic values: "true", "good" and "beautiful".
A reasoning algorithm - relying on principles of logical deduction - detects possible inconsistencies and computes the inferences that follow from a set of formally defined axioms; note that a reasoning algorithm is tied uniquely to the specific syntax and semantics of the given KR language.
Carnap's pragmatic pluralism would extend to logic with his Principle of Tolerance in Logical Syntax of Language (1934 and subsequently in "Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology" (1950)—to the plurality of possible "linguistic frameworks".
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