In line with this assumption, ROS and RNS would act as the intracellular ' alarm molecules' of the extracellular availability of nutrients (primitive stimuli) by signalling their presence to the autophagic machinery.
However, in primitive reflexes, the eliciting stimulus is mainly provided by touch, and it induces a different action from the stimulus.
The evolutionary question has been discussed extensively by the neurologist Antonio Damasio, who has mapped the transitions between reflex responses to external stimuli in primitive animals through awareness to fully developed self-consciousness, on to the emergence of increasingly complex, large brains.
He pointed out that their arguments against stimulus, aside from being primitive and wrong, would also imply that the fiscal cliff is harmless.
Ciliates, among microbes, are especially good learners capable of dual-process nonassociative habituation and sensitization as well as primitive classical and instrumental-like conditioning, involving respective stimulus-stimulus and response-consequence associations.
Moreover, stimulus timing has an immediate and primitive impact on expectancies even when subjects attempt to ignore the time structure of sequences or when anticipatory attending is detrimental to the task goal [4].
Nociception — the capacity to sense noxious stimuli — is one of the most primitive sensory capacities.
When a blow beneath the kneecap causes an automatic upward kick, both "stimulus" and "response" function on the same primitive physiological level, without requiring the intervention of the higher mental functions.
Osteoinductive materials provide a biological stimulus for induction, recruitment, stimulation and differentiation of primitive, undifferentiated and pluripotent stromal cells into osteoblast or preosteoblasts, which are the initial cellular phase of a bone-forming lineage.
Results show that vehicles 2 and 3 can be used to implement bio-inspired navigation like; target reaching and stimulus avoidance, which constitute a set of navigation primitives or basis for navigation behaviour.
He coined the term "supernormal stimuli" to describe these imitations that appeal to primitive instincts and, oddly, exert a stronger attraction than real things.
