43 These brainstem nuclei are major effector hubs in coordinating primitive arousal and emotional responses to sensory stimulation via widespread ascending and descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways.
iPSCs are specified to primitive streak/mesendoderm/definitive endoderm by sequential stimulation with liver development-related cytokines, resulting in differentiated cells with characteristics of HLCs.
Osteoinductive materials provide a biological stimulus for induction, recruitment, stimulation and differentiation of primitive, undifferentiated and pluripotent stromal cells into osteoblast or preosteoblasts, which are the initial cellular phase of a bone-forming lineage.
Several growth factors have been shown to be relevant for stimulation of proliferation and maintenance of primitive function under in vitro conditions [5] [8].
Because ATP induces the differentiation of primitive cells in LTBMCs, we determined whether ATP stimulation could alter the percentages of the HSC and MP populations, including the common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs) and megakaryocytic erythroid progenitors (MEPs).
But overloaded with information and stimulation, shoppers' brains revert to a more primitive, raw association of celebrity and product, Mr. Cialdini explains.
Similarly, β-catenin stimulation has been shown to promote both pluripotency and primitive streak commitment (Liu et al., 1999; Huelsken et al., 2000; Wray et al., 2011; Yi et al., 2011).
Four hour pre-stimulation on the other hand, demonstrated substantially reduced transduction, more than two fold lower than 48 h pre-stimulated cells, yet surface expression of primitive markers remained relatively high.
Following stimulation, the samples were labeled to permit the identification of primitive hematopoietic populations by flow cytometry.
Similarly, in vitro studies on ESCs indicate that stimulation by these ligands initiates mesendoderm formation, as evidenced by the expression of primitive streak markers Brachyury, Mixl1 and Goosecoid [15] [18].
Likewise, CD34-positive cells represent a functionally primitive population of progenitor cells that seem to have a higher cloning efficiency and a very rapid proliferative response to cytokine stimulation [ 53].
