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Pollination by insects probably occurred in primitive seed plants, reliance on other means being a relatively recent evolutionary development.
He espoused the idea of a period style, whereby a visual idea slowly but surely unfolded in an organic sequence of artistic events, growing from a primitive seed to a sturdy plant, which flowered and then decayed.
Although some botanists prefer to restrict the term cycadophyte to the members of the division Cycadophyta, three groups of primitive seed plants are discussed here, of which the seed ferns (division Pteridospermophyta) and cycadeoids (division Cycadeoidophyta) are represented only by extinct forms.
The Agricultural University of Norway had established a primitive seed bank in 1984.
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It is generally accepted that cycads first became significant components of terrestrial floras during the Late Triassic as part of a global floral turnover with primitive seed-plant floras being replaced by conifers and cycads after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (252.2 Ma) [ 40, 112, 113].
Cycads are the most primitive living seed plants.
Farmers have been bombarded with the idea that their seeds are primitive and inferior; that the new seeds are modern and improved.
The combination of water and nutrient availability would have made ashes a favourable setting for the seeding of primitive plants.
This primitive ancestral condition of large seeds is reflected in certain gymnosperms (Cycas circinalis, 5.5 × 4 cm; Araucaria bidwillii, 4.5 × 3.5 cm) and also in some tropical rainforest trees with nondormant water-rich seeds (Mora excelsa, 12 × 7 cm).
This may constitute evidence of the primitive nature of the genus, because seed ferns also generally had stems with considerably more wood than those of most living cycads.
His theory was that endozoochory (the enticement of animals to transport seeds in their stomach) arose before any other method of seed dispersal, and that primitive ancestors of Durio species were the earliest practitioners of that dispersal method, in particular red durian (D. dulcis) exemplifying the primitive fruit of flowering plants.
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