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plesiomorphy -- A primitive character state for the taxa under consideration.
Saccate pollen is a primitive character for conifers.
A primitive character state is inferred to be the original condition of that character within the clade under consideration.
For example, "presence of hair" is a primitive character state for all mammals, whereas the "hairlessness" of whales is a derived state for one subclade within the Mammalia.
That the short spine is a primitive character he considers proved by the remains of horses found in recent formations in the valley of the Nerbudda.
He was not a willful provocateur, as Ramsay and Bourdain are, but a more primitive character, forever reacting in the moment.
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Derived characters are used to infer evolutionary relationships, as derived characters evolved after primitive characters.
B. buiaensis shows a combination of primitive characters of the African Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene form Pelorovis sensu stricto and derived characters of B. primigenius.
Despite the retention of certain very primitive characters (such as teeth), the Hesperornithiformes was a highly specialized taxon of Cretaceous birds.
Pakicetus is so far known only from its skull, but recent finds in Pakistan have produced other whale species that show very primitive characters in both the skull and the rest of the skeleton.
Colfer's story, which he described as "Die Hard with fairies" - an irresistible tag phrase that was universally picked up on - was a bestseller within weeks of publication, capturing boys in particular with its dissolute 12-year-old criminal mastermind who wants to capture a fairy to ransom, and its mix of new technologies with primitive characters such as the earth-eating dwarf, Mulch Diggums.
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