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Approximately 650 base pairs (bp) from the 5′ end of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences of the mtDNA were amplified using a primer cocktail [ COI-3" in Ivanova et al. (2007)].
Addition of this primer to the AMOS-ERY PCR primer cocktail allows the positive distinction of B. abortus biovars 3b, 5, 6 and 9 from the rest of Brucella species and biovars.
The COI-3 primer cocktail included four M13-tailed primers: VF2_t1, 5′-TGT AAA ACG ACG GCC AGT CAA CCA ACC ACA AAG ACA TTG GCA C-3′; FishF2_t1, 5′-TGT AAA ACG ACG GCC AGT CGA CTA ATC ATA AAG ATA TCG GCA C-3′; Fish R2_t1, 5′-CAG GAA ACA GCT ATG ACA CTT CAG GGT GAC CGA AGA ATC AGA A-3′; and FR1d_t1, 5′-CAG GAA ACA GCT ATG ACA CCT CAG GGT GTC CGA ARA AYC ARA A-3′ (Ivanova et al. 2007).
The second phase of primer cocktail optimization was run in vitro (Figure 2).
Five additional cycles were added when using primer cocktail C_tRWF_t1 (mix of forward primers given in Table 1).
When these primers were not successful, the primer cocktail C-tRWF_t1 (see Table 1) enabled amplification of the standard 658-bp barcode region together with a short upstream sequence in an additional 15% of the specimens.
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New primer cocktails were developed over the course of the study, improving sequencing success.
To simplify primer design and multiplex PCR optimization, four independent multiplex primer cocktails were developed for amplification of 187 targeted sequences represented on RPM-TEI array.
A 652 657 base pair segment of COI was amplified using non-tailed or M13-tailed vertebrate primer cocktails [20], [44], [45].
In order to amplify 651 bp fragment from the 5' end of mitochondrial COI gene, PCR reactions were conducted using primer cocktails of C_FishF1t1 and C_FishR1t1 (Table S1) [16].
The test samples with templates in concentration of 1 ng each per sample were amplified using multiplex PCR with the appropriate primer cocktails.
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