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Cats, horses, dogs and non-human primates were used in only 1% of experiments.
Nonhuman primates were used to define myoblast transplantation strategies applicable to humans.
Home Office figures show that 3,000 non-human primates were used in experiments in the UK in 2003, a rise of 20% on the previous year, with the number of such tests in the UK one of the highest in Europe.
Primates were used in this preclinical investigation as their metabolism and physiology are closer to those of humans than those of rodents, and hence, extrapolation to humans is more reasonable.
When Matfield revealed the results, there was palpable surprise amongst the primarily Dutch audience: Over four-fifths of those Britons polled believed animals should be used in research, provided that the medical rationale was serious, that lower organisms (e.g. rodents, not primates) were used, and that suffering was minimized.
Over 70,000 non-human primates were used for research in the United States in 2010, according to the US Department of Agriculture.
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Non-human primates are used only in exceptional circumstances – when necessary and when finding an answer simply cannot be provided by another animal model, cell-based system, computer modelling or human experimentation.
Currently in Australia, non-human primates are used in experiments associated with obesity and metabolic disease, understanding perceptual and cognitive processing, vaccine development, and the development of prostheses to return sight to people who are blind.
The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection, which has led the opposition to such research in Europe for a decade, including trying to stop airlines flying in monkeys for laboratories, said: "The industry is running scared". Andrew Butler, UK representative of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, said: "People react very strongly when they see primates being used for research.
Currently, about 12,000 primates are used in research across the E.U.: "We can't make that switch overnight to that kind of supply," said Lemon.
The philosophers who make such comparisons emphasize contrasts like the following: Vast numbers of chimpanzees and other "higher" primates are used in painful and often lethal research for the benefit of human beings.
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