The catalytic pyrolysis with the Y-zeolite based FCC catalysts at high temperatures (>500 °C) and long residence time enhanced the cracking of the primary vapors and increased the formation of CO, H2 and CH4.
The generation of optical signal upon interaction of probe 1 and primary amine vapor was mainly due to a fast chemical reaction between the probe and the primary amine resulting in the formation of pyrene amine.
This study investigated the reduction of primary tar vapor from biomass pyrolysis over a bed of hot char particles, focusing on the effect of different operating conditions and char properties.
To this endeavor, a new method has been developed which integrates a tailored approach using a reaction based fluorescent turn-on probe for the selective recognition of primary amine vapors in the solid state at trace level (ppm).
The UFP represent a mixture of pollution sources, including fresh ambient PM from areas impacted by heavy-duty diesel trucks, light-duty gasoline vehicles and ship emissions, as well as PM generated by photochemical oxidation of primary organic vapors (Verma et al. 2009b).
Slow pyrolysis of different biomasses (miscanthus, douglas fir and oak) was conducted in a U-shape fixed bed reactor combined to (1) on-line analysis of the vapors (primary tar) by soft photoionisation mass spectrometry (single photoionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometer, SPI-TOFMS), (2) quantitative off-line analysis of condensed vapors by GC*GC/MS-FID and (3) permanent gas analysis.
In ejector system using the promising natural refrigerant CO2, the mixing of high-speed two-phase primary flow and suction vapor is crucial in designing an efficient ejector.
Since a primary constituent of the vapor phase of CS is a large amount of highly reactive organic and inorganic substances that either are free radicals or reactive species (such as O2-, NOH OH, etc), and more stable organic reactive species/oxidants (such as phenols, hydroquinone, epoxides, etc).
A boundary layer kinetics model was coupled to an approach for homogeneous nucleation from supersaturated vapors and primary particle growth by condensation as well as secondary particle formation by coagulation.
Hg evaporates slowly to produce vapors, the primary health concern.
