Donor-specific characterization of primary stem cells will be increasingly important as stem cell transplantation and personalized medicine strategies are being developed for clinical therapies.
The stipe (primary stem) superficially resembles the stem of land plants and is flexible and somewhat elastic.
Unlike trees and most herbs, the Glumiflorae have a primary stem that grows along the surface of the ground, or even underground as in bamboo.
These primary stem cell lines provide an experimental model that is ideally suited to cell-based drug discovery or genetic screens in order to identify tumour-specific vulnerabilities.
The development of NIL vectors provides a novel tool for efficient transient gene expression in primary stem cells and hematopoietic and lymphoid cells.
Studies of the response of primary stem cells to applied biophysical or biochemical stimuli should therefore examine the behavior of cells from multiple donors in order to obtain a better understanding of the inter-donor heterogeneity of the observed response.
They typically feature a large, rootlike holdfast for attachment to the ocean floor, a stipe (primary stem) for the internal transport of organic material, and long branching stalks with blades that stay afloat by means of pneumatocysts (gas bladders).
Trees were measured for the presence of bark beetles and wood borers that breed within the primary stem, root weevils that breed in root collars, and bark beetles that breed in basal stems.
Radial glial cells play key roles during cerebral cortex development, as primary stem and progenitor cells giving rise — directly or indirectly — to neurons and glia, but also acting as scaffold for the cerebral cortex architecture and migrating neurons.
However, in light of many reports of primary stem cell heterogeneity, it is important to characterize the variability of stem cell response to biophysical manipulations in order to assess the utility of bioelectric modulation as a universal strategy for stem cell control.
This reduction was further increased upon depletion of ARF4 activity by introducing the arf4-2 mutheion37 into the respective arf3 mutant backgrounds (Fig. 3c, d, g, h, m) although the primary stem conformation was similar as in wild type (Supplementary Fig. 7f-m).
