Sentence examples for primary spindle from inspiring English sources

BMP-1 and -3 expression was not detected in any of the clones, whereas low levels of BMP-7 appeared to be expressed by clone 3. Because the primary spindle cell tumor did not form bone [17], it may be expected that the clones derived from it did not express high levels of BMPs.

These differentiation criteria have been used by others in studies of non-limb muscles where conduction velocity of only the very fastest spindle fibers can be associated with primary spindle endings [ 12, 13].

These studies have shown that only the very fastest afferents innervate primary endings (>75 m/s) and the negatively adapting discharge frequency during static hold and the abrupt decrease in firing at the end of static stretch are the best criteria for characterization of primary spindle afferents.

Interestingly, mental computation increased the response of the primary muscle spindle afferents while the secondary muscle spindle afferents exhibited no change in their sensitivity to stretch during mental computation [ 36, 37].

It has been suggested that primary muscle spindle afferents provide relatively more information on limb velocity whereas secondary muscle spindle afferents contribute mainly to limb position sense [ 15].

Three canine mammary tumor cell lines (CMT) originating from primary mammary spindle cell tumor (CMTU309), primary mammary osteosarcoma (CMTU335) and primary mammary anaplastic carcinoma (P114) were compared directly with each other in this study.

Raab and his colleagues found that the primary cells'proliferation, spindle assembly and apoptosis exhibited only a low dependency on Plk1 in contrast to the addiction of many cancer cell lines to the non-oncogene Plk1 [ 11].

Our finding of a decrease in the frequency response at the highest velocity of stretch used (100 μm/msec) shows a limitation of the primary muscle spindle in coding for rapid length changes.

Accordingly, it may be that proprioception testing designed to involve the primary muscle spindle afferents to a higher degree, as in replication of limb movement velocity, would be affected by mental stress.

In vivo studies of cat intercostal muscle have shown that there are 3 populations of intercostal muscle mechanoreceptors: primary muscle spindles (1°), secondary muscle spindles (2°) and Golgi tendon organs (GTO).

Discharge frequencies found for primary muscle spindles in the present study are also similar to those for 1° afferents in other muscles with intact γ-innervation [ 9, 16, 17] and without γ-innervation [ 18- 20].