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Epidemiologic investigations by public health officials into human cases of influenza virus subtype H3N2v infection that occurred during 2012 concluded that swine exposure at agricultural fairs was the primary source of the viruses (17 – 17 ).
Human-to-swine transmission is credited as a primary source of the genetic diversity seen in currently circulating swine influenza virus strains (32 – 32 ).
Sewage is the primary source of the first three types.
Electronic databases were the primary source of the literature.
To verify the hypothesis that various male genital tract organs are infected early and could thus represent a primary source of virus shed in the semen, it is therefore necessary to use an appropriate animal model.
However, until other possible routes of viral dissemination are analyzed and excluded, whether wild migratory birds are the primary source of influenza (H5N1) virus transmission and infection of poultry cannot be conclusively determined.
With clinical vertebrate hosts serving as a primary source of virus for transmission of VSNJV, clinical severity and extent and duration of viral shedding should be considered when examining the epidemiology of the virus.
Since the primary source of virus-induced IFNα in vivo is often plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC's), we depleted these cells prior to LDV infection and tested for lymphocyte activation.
While sunlight is the primary source of HOOH, the primary sink is the microflora [52], [53].
The primary source of data was the ART register.
Aquatic birds are the primary reservoir of the virus.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com