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Interestingly, the primary signalling pathway upregulated in muscle was the PI3K AKT pathway, a central control point for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.
But Dickey et al (2011) reported that miRNAs did not seem to be the primary signalling factor associated with bystander DNA damage.
Moreover, over-expression of the dominant negative βARK1495 689 had no effect on the primary signalling or on the level of agonist-induced homologous desensitization of TPαS239A (Fig. 4E and F, + GRK DN).
Of the thirteen TLRs, TLR4 was characterized first, working in conjunction with the LPS receptor CD14, TLR4 is the primary signalling receptor for gram negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [ 45].
The positive modulatory pathway, with Gqα EGL-30 as the key component, increases primary signalling as Ca2+ transients are reduced in egl-30 mutants in response to high osmolarity.
Although at least two receptors for IGFs exist, the primary signalling receptor through which both IGF-I and IGF-II exert their biological actions is the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR).
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H0 represents the absence of primary signal, while H1 represents the presence of primary signal.
This pattern is interpreted as being related to primary signals.
However, this constraint cannot guarantee sufficient protection of primary signals.
Let be the statistical covariance matrix of the primary signals.
Let the primary signal be with amplitude A and phase.
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