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The behavioral literature suggests that mere presentation of visual stimuli that have not been conditioned with any primary reward can be rewarding in rats and other laboratory animals [14], [15], [16], [17].
Students began seeking careers reflecting John Ruskin's thought that the primary reward for human toil is not what you get for it but what you become by it.
The chance to promote art you admire is the primary reward of cultural philanthropy, but these secondary rewards are real, and they are valuable.
MT also modulates value signals in vmPFC to primary reward delivery.
In compulsive gamblers, the same region that normally only lights up in response to sex was activated when the participants looked at monetary cues, suggesting that they interpreted money as a more primary reward, the researchers say.
My primary reward is for $5 you'll get to see the film, way before most other people.
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The researchers found that "humans so willingly self-disclose because doing so represents an event with intrinsic value, in the same way as with primary rewards such as food and sex".
What the Internet does is stimulate our reward systems over and over with tiny bursts of information (tweets, status updates, e-mails) that act like primary rewards but can be delivered in more varied and less predictable sequences.
The impact of this within-subject training was assessed using two paradigms: one that employed primary rewards (fruit juice) in a simple conditioning task and another that used a well-validated art-viewing paradigm to test bias of monetary favors on preference.
However, the two primary rewards for working through the process are freedom and joy.
We know that a caucus system, which makes participation far more difficult than a primary, rewards intensity and the ideologically committed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com