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This likely explains the contribution of PON2 to imatinib resistance in primary resistant CML patients.
However, patients are often primary resistant or develop acquired resistance resulting in relapse of the cancer and reduced survival.
Here, we detected a deficient STAT1 induction in two different RCC sublines, with secondary interferon-α resistance and in a primary resistant RCC cell line.
In the present experiments, the PMA-stimulated PBMC supernatant reinduced STAT1 in A-498 and fresh RCC cells with secondary IFN-α resistance but not in primary resistant Caki-2 cells.
Increased expression of ErbB family members and cognate ligands such as EGFR/HER1 and EGF, TGFa, Hb-EGF, and heregulin has been demonstrated as a mechanism for acquired resistance to trastuzumab [ 12] and long-term trastuzumab exposure of primary resistant breast cancer cells is associated with HER1 reprogramming [ 13].
The mother presented some minor HIV variants carrying NNRTI resistant mutations, suggesting that she was infected with a NNRTI primary resistant virus.
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Next, we compared MPT0E028 and SAHA in combination with erlotinib for the treatment of primary-resistant NSCLC A549 cells.
A previous study reported that TB patients with primary drug resistant tuberculosis had better treatment outcomes than TB patients with acquired drug resistant TB [27], although this is not always the case.
Since genes were identified by alterations of AR binding between primary and resistant tumors, these genes could be AR-responsive in either an androgen-sensitive or androgen-resistant context.
3 out of 193 patients with available genotype at baseline showed primary drug resistant.
Similar to our findings, Lyn ablation led to enhanced apoptosis of CML cells, even in primary cells resistant to imatinib mesylate therapy [29].
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