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Neutrophils play the primary pathogenic role in GPA [ 13– 15].
Significantly, these functional alterations did not correlate with disease activity or with treatment, consistent with a primary pathogenic role.
Thus far, it is evident that PLN overexpression in mouse skeletal muscle leads to CNM; however, whether PLN plays a primary pathogenic role in CNM remains unknown.
This conclusion challenges a primary pathogenic role
Many other epsilonproteobacterial species have been associated with diarrhea, but accurate estimates of the prevalence and role of individual species and proof of a primary pathogenic role have been elusive.
Hypoxia can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the outer medulla of diabetic animals very early in the development of the disease, pointing out its primary pathogenic role (4).
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Whereas the main feature in MDR2 knock-out mice, which corresponds to the equivalent animal model of human MDR3 deficiency [26, 27], is sclerosing cholangitis, controversies exist whether a genetically determined dysfunction of MDR3 plays a pathogenic role in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in humans.
To investigate its possible pathogenic role in primary varicose veins we studied histological changes in surgical specimens from human varicose veins.
While the hSyn II mutants described here displayed a predominant loss-of-function character in primary SYN2 KO neurons, their pathogenic role in patients in whom only one allele is mutated could result from either a haploinsufficiency with impaired Syn II expression or a dominant-negative effect towards the endogenous Syn II.
Elevated expression levels of PARP14 were found in human HCC cell lines as well as primary tumours, but were absent in normal primary hepatocytes and livers, suggesting a pathogenic role for PARP14 in this disease.
Our primary goal was to study the pathogenic role of biomarkers alone in relation to radiographic progression, and we therefore did not correct for the ESR and rheumatoid factor.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com