Heavy metals, present in textile dyes as a chromophoric group, are not biodegradable; hence, they accumulate in primary organs in the body and lead to various symptoms of diseases (Dadi et al. 2017).
Microarray based transcription profiling for understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis has predominantly focused on the blood profiles from sepsis patients or animal models [ 2- 4], with few reports on the primary organs in which the infection originated, such as lung [ 5] and brain [ 4].
The liver is the primary organ in xenobiotic disposition, through a complex system involving a variety of drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes.
Oxidative stress was thought to be associated with acrylamide cytotoxicity, but the link between oxidative stress and acrylamide cytotoxicity in the gastrointestinal tract, the primary organ in contact with dietary acrylamide, is still unclear.
AgNPs can cause adverse effects in directly exposed primary organs and in secondary organs such as the cardiovascular system or central nervous system (CNS) upon systemic distribution.
The mice also showed evidence of the virus in their bloodstream, as well as viral replication in the liver and spleen the two primary organs affected in humans and expressed a marker for mast cell activation, MCPT1.
The liver and kidneys, which are the primary organs involved in the elimination of systemic Cd, are especially sensitive to the toxic effects of Cd.
Within the CNS, the spinal cord and cerebellum were the primary organs involved and in particular showed axonal ballooning, neuronal loss and axonal deterioration, particularly in the spinal cord.
However, recent identification of T cells in the primary organs of inflammation namely adipose (in the case of T2DM) and atherosclerotic plaque (in the case of CAD) had induced renewed interest in studying T cell cytokines in these disease conditions.
In blood-feeding arthropods, the midgut plays a crucial role as the primary organ involved in processing the blood meal and, in some instances, molecules expressed in the midgut of an insect vector have been shown to directly influence pathogen establishment [ 1, 2].
To investigate whether Pi starvation could also induce differential methylation in tissues other than the root, which is the primary organ involved in Pi sensing and uptake, high coverage methylomes of rice shoots grown for 21 days under Pi sufficient or deficient conditions were also generated, performing 3 biological replicates per condition (Supplementary file 1).
