DTCs are similar to CTCs in that they arise from sub-clonal populations of cells in the primary carcinoma and undergo further molecular changes after dissemination [82].
Early studies showed that molecular changes in primary HCC tissue already implied future distant metastasis potential [ 13].
In contrast to our simplified testing paradigm, nerve injury induces numerous molecular changes within primary afferents as evidenced by gene expression profiling (Costigan et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 2002; Valder et al., 2003; Hammer et al., 2010; LaCroix-Fralish et al., 2011).
See related Commentary by Ahmed and Brenton: By the time that a breast cancer is clinically apparent it has undergone multiple genetic and epigenetic primary carcinogenic events and further secondary molecular changes that ensure the adaptation of its cells to the changing micro-environment.
In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that molecular changes in the primary structure of a protein allow for enhanced pressure stability.
Database URL: http://bs.ipm.ir/softwares/PEIMAN/ Any molecular changes on the primary structure of proteins are known as post-translational modifications (PTMs).
Because the mesothelial cells are the primary target cells of asbestos-induced molecular changes mediated through an oxidant-linked mechanism, we used normal mesothelial and malignant mesothelial cells to investigate alterations in molecular signaling in response to a commercially manufactured SWCNT.
Because mesothelial cells are the primary target cells of asbestos-induced molecular changes mediated through an oxidant-linked mechanism, we used well-characterized SWCNTs with a known concentration of metal catalyst contamination to investigate the alterations in molecular signaling in response to SWCNT exposure in normal mesothelial (NM) and malignant mesothelial (MM) cells.
In addition, we carried out a multi-omic comparative analysis of naïve with primary resting memory CD4+ T cells to identify molecular changes underlying T cell differentiation.
To study this, we have applied a unique sample set of freshly frozen primary- and metastatic endometrial carcinoma lesions as primary investigation set for a global and comprehensive characterisation of molecular changes, and an independent, large and extensively annotated patient series for validation of findings.
