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Effects of process history (carburization and shot peening) and resulting residual stresses are considered in the case of subsurface crack formation at primary inclusions in martensitic gear steel.
A simulation-based probabilistic strategy is developed to characterize the surface to bulk transition of high cycle fatigue failures dominated by primary inclusions.
A computational strategy is developed to characterize the driving force for fatigue crack nucleation at subsurface primary inclusions in carburized and shot peened C61® martensitic gear steels.
It is observed that the gradient from the surface of residual stress distribution, bending stress, and carburized material properties play a pivotal role in fatigue crack nucleation and small crack growth at subsurface primary inclusions.
Homogenization temperatures of primary inclusions in rodingitized slate (Slate-1a) were concentrated between 290 and 344°C.
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Primary inclusion criteria for that study were: 1) ages 7 -17 inclusive; 2) diagnosis of TTM; 3) symptom duration of at least six months; and 4) participant and at least one parent fluent in English.
Primary inclusion particles, which are greater than a micron in size, are handled by a microcell.
Of these, 4 patients were excluded because they did not meet the primary inclusion criteria (see below).
We discarded the recordings of seven patients who did not fulfil our primary inclusion criteria (see below).
We discarded recordings of 10 patients who did not fulfil our primary inclusion criteria (see below), and of one patient because he was an outlier.
The primary inclusion criterion was being attack-free for at least 3 days before and after each recording sessions, and was verified by headache diary and telephone or e-mail interview.
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