This article translates and extends Becker (1968) from public law enforcement to private litigation by examining optimal legal system design in a model with private suits, signals of case strength, court error, and two types of primary behavior: harmful acts that may be deterred and benign acts that may be chilled.
In [10], a decentralized power allocation Q-learning algorithm is proposed to protect the primary network from harmful aggregated interference.
To protect the primary user against harmful interference from the CRs, the detection probability is fixed at a desired target value,.
As an effective approach to solve the problem of spectrum shortage, spectrum sharing [1], which allows a portion of secondary users to access the spectrum of primary users without harmful interference, was proposed to realize spectrum reuse.
Simulation results show that with the help of the proposed PSM constraint estimation method and efficient power loading algorithms, capacity maximization of the secondary system, along with reliable performance of the primary user without harmful interference, can be successfully achieved.
This is not censorship, mind you -- but refutation and repudiation, consistent with the best of the First Amendment tradition suggesting that the primary antidote to harmful speech is more speech to counter it.
Conversely, the perception of good social support could balance a harmful primary appraisal.
We suggest that further research is needed to collate, assimilate and build on the existing information relevant to systematically reviewing primary studies for harmful effects of health care interventions.
"How can they ever take part in the development of their country if they don't even finish primary education?" Ending harmful practices The role of women in the development of the OIC countries was the focus of the Islamic Forum that brought Ms. Salah to Istanbul.
