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Cleavage fracture of primary grains in the surface and interior initiation zone were observed.
The Mg17Al12 phase containing zincum firstly melted between boundaries of the primary grains and then penetrated into recrystallization grain boundaries, which resulted in the separation of the fine primary grains suspending in liquid phase.
It was found that the directional growth of individual primary grains led to the formation of a typical solidification fiber texture.
The refinement of both primary grains and intermetallic particles results in an increase of microhardness from 640 HV to above 700 HV and a decrease of wear rate from 4.8 × 10−14 to 3.2 × 10−14 mm3/m.
The creep strength is attributed to highly stable, Ti-rich nanoclusters that appear to pin the initial primary grains, and present strong obstacles to dislocation motion in the large, anomalously grown grains.
Sheet-like lithium-rich cathode materials Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.10O2 (LMNCO) assembled by primary grains of 100 500 nm in sizes were facilely prepared by a glucose-urea bubbling and post-annealing process.
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Wheat is the primary cereal grain with about three-quarters of grain products made of wheat flour and many dishes use indigenous ingredients, such as turkey, venison, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, squash, and maple syrup which were consumed by Native Americans and early European settlers.
The people were agriculturalists whose primary grain was millet.
This volume is sheared along the longitudinal axis, which opens spaces perpendicular to the primary grain of the site.
American whiskey is all about corn and rye; malted barley, the primary grain in the Scotch variety, traditionally plays a minor role in bourbon recipes.
Despite the difficulties of densification, HIP-treated LLZ can be prepared as a transparent ceramic pellet because of its ~200 μm primary grain size, and its conductivity is improved by its increased density (>99%).
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