Surgeons confronted with proximal femoral fractures should carefully scrutinize preoperative radiographs to assess the primary fracture geometry and fracture classification.
Therefore, surgeons confronted with proximal femoral fractures should carefully scrutinize preoperative radiographs to assess the primary fracture geometry and classification.
When the horizontal principal stress difference is small, the main fracture surface is parallel to the laminae strike, and the primary fractures will propagate as follows: propagate through the laminae, then deflect significantly at the surface of the laminae, continue along the laminae surface and finally change direction and propagate again through the laminae.
When the horizontal principal stress difference is big, the main fracture surface is perpendicular to the laminae strike and the primary fractures will propagate as follows: run through the laminae, change their propagation direction dramatically on the laminar surface, and then run through the laminae.
The distribution of proppant particles may be uniformly dispersed in the fracture network or mainly settled in dominant primary fractures.
Through multiple fracturing, the very-complex fracture network called the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) around primary fractures can be generated, which is expected to affect well performance significantly.
Fracture propagation in such formations usually induced complex fracture geometry with primary vertical fractures and horizontal fracture segments between layers.
The coronal 'family' of fractures, as described by Topliss et al. [13], if treated with only medial buttress plates, would hold the primary fracture line suboptimally and lead to failure.
In this population, secondary fall prevention and primary fracture prevention should be conducted to prevent falls and their harmful sequelae [ 1].
Other indications included, for example, shoulder dislocation, primary osteoarthritis and primary fracture.
