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Results: 110 patients presented for primary fracture treatment.
The SEM observations show that the primary fracture mode does not change and intergranular fracture is the primary fracture mode before and after thermal shock test.
The early-time performance of multi-fractured horizontal wells is mainly controlled by fracture geometry, total effective area of the fractures, and conductivity of the primary fracture system.
Except for the alloy with 2.0 wt.% Si, the other tested materials exhibited a combination of intergranular cracking and cleavage failures at the primary fracture surface.
We first analyze a tracer test to estimate the fracture pore volume swept, the flow geometry, and the presence of multiple fractures (or damage zones around the primary fracture).
In particular, results of this study show that refracture treatment has a high potential to increase production when parallel component of horizontal permeability to the primary fracture is greater than the orthogonal component.
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The fracture surface was examined by atomic force microscopy topography and phase analysis to study surface corrosion resistance and identify primary fracture-causing defects.
Through multiple fracturing, the very-complex fracture network called the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) around primary fractures can be generated, which is expected to affect well performance significantly.
In terms of the boundary of a fracture network, the shale gas recovery is determined by the number of intersection points between the primary fractures and secondary fractures (NIPS).
When the horizontal principal stress difference is big, the main fracture surface is perpendicular to the laminae strike and the primary fractures will propagate as follows: run through the laminae, change their propagation direction dramatically on the laminar surface, and then run through the laminae.
When the horizontal principal stress difference is small, the main fracture surface is parallel to the laminae strike, and the primary fractures will propagate as follows: propagate through the laminae, then deflect significantly at the surface of the laminae, continue along the laminae surface and finally change direction and propagate again through the laminae.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com