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Species composition, however, was clearly distinct from primary forest over the first 200 years of succession.
On the other hand, we suspect that potential catalysts that may have initiated fragmented habitat conditions in Madagascar include (1) climate-induced vegetation shifts during the (Late) Quaternary [ 122– 126]; and (2) human-mediated degradation of primary forest over the last 1,800 years [ 127– 127].
Similar(58)
Primary forest loss increases over time and was highest in the 2010 2015 time period than the previous 5 year intervals.
According to Akinbami (2003) and MEA (2005), Nigeria is among the countries with the highest rate of primary forest loss the world over, with an annual average rate of 5.7% compared to the world average of 3.3% per annum.
In Puerto Rico, the primary forest area has been reduced over the past 400 years by 99%, yet "only" seven of 60 species of bird has become extinct.
Hunting effort per unit area was highest in fallow fields, followed by primary forest, and both of these habitats were over-represented within village hunting catchments when compared to the composition of the available landscape.
We estimate that about 80%% of primary forests are intact, which decreases 3.5%% over the 15 year study period, as primary forest is either deforested or transitioned to forest edge.
Today, only 10% of primary forest cover remains.
Oak and hickory are the primary forest species.
The primary forest type is oak and hickory.
The primary forest species are oak and hickory.
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