Coffee is the primary foreign-exchange earner; other exported products include khat, hides and skins, live animals, oilseeds, and gold.
In many countries and regions of the world, tourism is now the primary source of foreign exchange, employment and cash.
(In October 2007, the United Nations World Tourism Organization estimated that 46 of the 49 poorest countries in the world rely on international tourism as their primary source of foreign exchange earnings).
Tourism, a mainstay of the Nepali economy, has been hit hard, as have primary sources of foreign exchange like textile and carpet manufacturing.
Tourism, one of the country's primary sources of foreign exchange, has made Senegal one of the most visited countries in West Africa.
But tourism is now Cuba's primary source of foreign exchange -- bringing in some $2 billion a year, compared with about $440 million for sugar; and so, even Cuba's change-resistant authorities are bowing to the need to adapt.
Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equaling one-fifth of GDP and representing more than five times the earnings from exports in 2012.
According to the FT Brazil's finance minister Guido Mantega Brazil is to create a sovereign wealth fund with the primary aim of intervening in foreign exchange markets to counter the appreciation of the country's currency.
Tourism is Costa Rica's main source of foreign exchange.
Foreign exchange is obtained chiefly from the export of primary commodities that are vulnerable to volatile world markets and foreign-currency fluctuations.
Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP.
