First, daily water level data and empty-basin topography (created by merging LiDAR elevation with bathymetry) are used to delineate the primary fluctuation zone for each reservoir, which we define to be the range of extents between the 25th and 75th lake level percentiles.
Naively speaking, the formation of the power-law spectrum with an index of (-5/3) and the dominance of incompressible fluctuations in the spectrum are reminiscent of Alfvén waves as the primary fluctuation components of the observed plasma sheet turbulence.
"the essential difference between natural systems (chemical, biological, ecological systems) and human systems (societies, enterprises, etc). is that in the latter, the impulses causing primary fluctuations are initiated not only by chance but by man himself and can be made by him consciously".
For Malaska, "the essential difference between natural systems (chemical, biological, ecological systems) and human systems (societies, enterprises, etc). is that in the latter, the impulses causing primary fluctuations are initiated not only by chance but by man himself and can be made by him consciously".
All peak intensities in a ToF-SIMS spectrum were normalized to the total secondary ion counts to remove the influence of primary ion beam fluctuation.
We find that shocks to trend growth rather than transitory fluctuations around a stable trend are the primary source of fluctuations in emerging markets.
[Center for Sustainable Economy] While global climate change was the primary driver of fluctuations in the panda population for millions of years, human activities probably underlie the recent decline, genetic researchers report.
Fluctuations in primary energy supply caused by these factors could often give rise to output shortages from some power sources, which has a similar impact to power-system events such as load fluctuation and generator failure.
For example, lower trophic levels may be more strongly affected by temporal and spatial fluctuations in primary and secondary productivity (Beamish and Bouillon 1993; Robinson and Ware 1999; Hutchings 2000; Hutchings and Baum 2005).
Furthermore, with increasing gas turbine efficiency and heating load fluctuation factor, the primary energy saving ratio grows whereas system exergy loss declines.
This point was noted by the US regulatory authorities: in a letter, dated 13 March 2000, the FDA's director of advertising and labelling policy raised concerns over the instability of the symptom endpoint: "Symptom relief may not be sustained since the pivotal trial showed some fluctuation after the primary endpoint was reached in both treatment groups".
