Although this was the only primary effect to attain significance across the whole sample (14 men and 16 women exhibited left frontal WMH), when the regression was rerun for men, it was statistically unreliable.
Nevertheless, the possibility that environmental agents that we have not yet studied or identified have a primary effect to increase ingestive behavior or decrease satiety via central or peripheral mechanisms cannot be eliminated.
Therefore, it becomes difficult to discern primary effects due to loss of ASM from consequences of organ failure and cell pathology, many of which, such as dysfunction of the endolysosomal system, are shared among different lysosomal storage disorders and thus do not signify specific roles for the target enzyme.
We set out to derive an ES cell line in which the gene encoding Dicer can be deleted conditionally using CRE/loxP, allowing us to discriminate between primary effects attributable to Dicer deletion and secondary effects resulting from derivation and long-term culture of ES cells deficient for this essential factor.
This observation suggests that while a portion of the insult may be associated with premature trypsinogen activation, alcohol's primary effects seem to be via SPINK1- independent pathways (similar to Factor A in Figure 1), and largely through the direct effects on the immune system and stellate cells, as has been demonstrated in animal experiments [37], [38], [39].
Late-responding normal tissue toxicity can be further subcategorised into primary effects due to apoptosis of slowly proliferating cells and consequential effects due to initially acute damage of early responding normal tissue.
23, 24, 29 Given the inherently limited resolution of linkage-based studies, 28 the absence of statistically significant linkage in the MHC region after exclusion of primary effects attributable to DRB1 does not exclude the presence of secondary loci.
The CBCL is the most commonly-used questionnaire to evaluate child behavior and enables Primary Care Triple P effects to be compared with those of other interventions.
17 In all of these studies, statistical power has inevitably been reduced by the processes required to filter out the primary effect attributable to DRB1 and the large correction required for multiple testing.
