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The Bonferroni post hoc test showed that participants with a primary educational level reported higher means of negative aging stereotypes (M = 39.72, SD = 7.45) than high school (M = 36.70, SD = 7.17) and university levels (M = 34.32, SD = 8.69).
Primary educational level, cholecystectomy and the presence of at least another autoimmune disease were found as putative risk factors for PBC.
Primary educational level, cholecystectomy and the presence of at least another autoimmune disease were found to be putative risk factors for PBC in our Greek population.
Rural residents and subjects with only primary educational level were met more often in the patients' group than in that of healthy controls, the latter consisting of visitors to hospitalized patients.
On multivariate analysis statistically significant associations were found with primary educational level (AOR 2.304, 95% CI 1.024-5.181), cholecystectomy (AOR 2.927, 95% CI 1.347-6.362) and the presence of at least another autoimmune disease (AOR 3.318, 95% CI 1.177-6.22).
Variables entered in the multivariate analysis for all patients were rural residence, primary educational level, RA, Sjogren syndrome, Raynaud syndrome, Hashimoto, the presence of at least another autoimmune disease, thyroid gland dysfunction, cholecystectomy and cancer.
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Participants with primary educational levels reported higher means of negative aging stereotypes than high school and university levels.
However, it was observed that there was a significant difference in the symptoms of depression between those with primary educational levels and high school or university educational levels.
We dichotomized this item into low (no school or primary education) and high (more than primary education) educational levels.
Of those, 221 (54.2%) were male and 226 (55.4%) were of primary school educational level or below.
Note: * = p <.05 Mothers' primary school educational level meant increased risk for divorce.
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