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Primary displacement field is expanded in the thickness direction using twelve degrees of freedom.
Yet, the number of primary displacement variables is only five, same as its smeared counterpart.
Using these conditions, the displacement field is expressed in terms of three primary displacement variables and potentials.
Nowak et al. [12] showed that functional impairment after a malunion with shortening is not exceptional; in a prospective consecutive series of 222 clavicular fractures, 42% had sequelae at 6 months; primary displacement was the strongest radiologic risk factor.
The zigzag-local theory (ZLT), with nine primary displacement variables, which was recently developed for static analysis of hybrid plates and has the ability to calculate transverse shear stresses from constitutive equations, is also extended for dynamic analysis.
The shear continuity conditions at the layer interfaces and the shear traction-free conditions at the top and bottom are enforced to formulate the theory in terms of only five primary displacement variables, independent of the number of layers.
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STheicompletenamic systemofs for a parabolic shequationsfised boundary conditionsolvedne edge and free boundary condimplicitlythe other edge have been obtained using both constant and variable node point spacings and presented as examples.
Figure 2: Comparison of measured and estimated two phase relative permeability curves in Berea sandstone, (a) primary drainage displacement, (b) imbibition displacement.
Open image in new window Fig. 2 Comparison of measured and estimated two phase relative permeability curves in Berea sandstone, a primary drainage displacement, b imbibition displacement.
Time histories of the excitation, the primary system displacement and the auxiliary system rotation are presented and, from which, frequency response functions were obtained.
The adopted optimization strategy of the TMD parameters is the reliability based optimization (RBO) where the failure probability, approximated with the classical Rice's formula, is related to the primary structure displacement.
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