The initial direct evidence for such regulation was the identification of T-cell-derived RANKL, the primary osteoclast differentiation factor.
Macrophage colony stimulating factor, the primary macrophage survival and differentiation factor, does not activate NF-κB or protect macrophages from MTX-induced apoptosis.
ES cells cultured in suspension in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) undergo primary differentiation after 2 to 4 days to form simple embryoid bodies (EBs) [33], [34].
Related survival, proliferation, and primary differentiation of branching CD cells are influenced by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and retinoic acid (RA) [26].
PMF, primary myelofibrosis; MK, Megakaryocyte; MSC, mesenchymal stroma cell; HPC, hematopoietic progenitor cell; GDF15, growth differentiation factor 15; TGF- β transforming growth factor, β-ECM, extracellular matrix; BM, bone marrow.
Because the adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) is required for TLR signalling, MYD88 deficiency causes a human primary immunodeficiency syndrome.
Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 11/8 Levels Decline With Age.
Hinoi E, et al. Positive regulation of osteoclastic differentiation by growth differentiation factor 15 upregulated in osteocytic cells under hypoxia.
Growth differentiation factor 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy.
Loffredo, F. S. et al. Growth differentiation factor 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy.
Poggioli, T. et al. Circulating growth differentiation factor 11/8 levels decline with age.
