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In addition, secondary design materials, which have engraved patterns on the surface of the target metal made by an electric discharge machine using the above primary design material as an electrode, were manufactured.
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The material volume fractions are used as primary design variables and material properties are assumed to be temperature independent.
In both cases the material properties are used as primary design variables and no a priori assumptions are made regarding the spatial distribution of each phase.
Since Charnley's first design of low friction arthroplasty which emerged in the 1960s [ 1] a number of improvements have gradually arisen, affecting design, materials, primary and secondary implant fixation systems, and biomechanical and biological adaptations which occur in the bone after joint replacement.
Consideration was also given to design materials.
In this research, 8'th grade primary students have studied in teams within newly designed materials and activities while learning biotechnological concepts (DNA, RNA, replication, central dogma etc).
China low activation martensitic (CLAM) steel has been chosen as the primary structural material in the designs of dual function lithium-lead (DFLL) blanket for fusion reactors, China helium cooled ceramic breeder (HCCB) test blanket module (TBM) for ITER and China fusion engineering test reactor (CFETR) blanket.
Product design selects materials from primary metal and material cycles and combines them into multi-material designs, in which the various materials (metals and non-metals) are complexly integrated (e.g. welded, glued, alloyed, layered).
Was that structure informed by the primary source material?
Silicon is the primary semiconductor material used to fabricate microchips.
Primary source material is often found on.edu or.gov sites.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com