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These responses are often characterized by primary decreases in important indices of cardiac and thermoregulatory function, along with secondary decreases in associated parameters.
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Theoretically, a primary decrease in bone formation and decreased buffering capacity for calcium, with consequent increased urinary expression of dietary calcium could account for the relationship between osteopenia and hypercalciuria in GPRC6A−/− mice.
Alternatively, increased hematocrit levels and, therefore, increased viscosity may be a compensatory response to a primary decrease in oxidative capacity.
Reduced serum concentrations of IGFBP-3 can result from a primary decrease in IGFBP-3 production, or secondarily, due to a reduction in IGF-I.
Alternatively, it is also possible that ROS induced a primary decrease of cytokines that could have then accounted for eosinophil apoptosis and in the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation.
We recently documented a primary decrease in peripheral impedance and an increase in peripheral compliance associated with a decrease in central aortic compliance in a porcine model of early endotoxic shock [ 10].
In KKAy mice with ectopic overexpression of agouti peptide, an endogenous melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) antagonist, social isolation promotes obesity due to the primary decreased energy expenditure and secondary increased food consumption [ 1].
This plot suggests that the relationship may be nonlinear, with the primary decrease occurring between patella lead levels between 0 and approximately 40 μg/g bone and a leveling out of the effect at levels higher than this.
Contribution of the total volume of the jet to the satellite (primary) drop decreases (increases) with increasing k, decreasing Re and decreasing η.
Decreased thyroxine (T4) accompanied by increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suggests primary hypothyroidism; decreased T4 and decreased TSH suggests secondary hypothyroidism.
Overall, consumption of the primary good decreases, and consumption of the manufactured and service goods increases.
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