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As shown in Figure 3, most, 363 (85.8%), of the respondents reported that firewood was used as their primary cooking source and 45 (10.6%) of them used charcoal as primary cooking energy source.
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However, the present study showed that significant proportion of respondents (85.8%) relied on firewood as their primary cooking energy source against study results in Nigeria, where the respondents' primary cooking energy source was charcoal [ 13].
Electricity as a primary cooking energy source was mentioned only by 26 (6.1%) of the respondents.
Only 3 (0.7%) of the respondents preferred using LPG for cooking their food while the remaining 2 (0.5%) and 7 (1.7%) of them mentioned biogas, animal dung, and leaves as primary cooking energy sources, respectively.
Biomass fuel remains a widely used energy source in rural India where nearly 80% of households use them as the primary cooking fuel.
The households do not use electricity or solar energy as primary cooking energy.
"And for your oven use cases, we see it becoming your primary cooking tool.
Primary cooking locations analyzed for follow-up survey.
Biomass burning may account for 74 87% total PM2.5 in households with a single dominant cooking source.
Access to good sanitation, electricity, clean source of drinking water, and clean cooking source is high (>78%) among households.
Twenty eight of the thirty two primary cooking spaces were located in a courtyard outside the main house.
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