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Mr. Kristof correctly points out that drought is not the primary cause of famine in Eritrea and Ethiopia.
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He also says the main cause of famine is epidemic disease rather than starvation.
As mentioned earlier, in relation to food Amartya Sen has demonstrated that not scarcity but misdistribution is the principal cause of famine (Sen [1981]).
In relation to hunger, it is long-known, that misdistribution and not an absolute food shortage is the main cause of famine (Sen [1981]).
"The primary cause of the famine was not drought of unprecedented severity, but a combination of long-continued bad land use and steadily increasing human and stock population over decades, rendering a greater number of people and their animals vulnerable when the drought struck," it said.
Because starvation is rarely the primary cause of death in famines (Mokyr and O Grada, 2002), Speakman argued that famine could not have been sufficiently powerful as a source of selection to generate variability in thrifty genes.
The primary cause of those losses is well known.
Medical examiners have listed them as primary causes of death.
Conflict isn't the only cause of famine in Nigeria, however.
For example, this disease was the main cause of the Bengal famine of 1943 (Padmanabhan 1973).
Addressing the causes of famine is not easy in this part of the world, which suffers a seemingly never-ending cycle of famines and near famines.
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