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Plant diseases can be broadly classified according to the nature of their primary causal agent, either infectious or noninfectious.
Moraxella bovis has historically been considered the primary causal agent; however, vaccines have not been consistently shown as effective in controlling disease incidence.
Aspergillus flavus, the primary causal agent of food and feed contamination with the toxic fungal metabolites, aflatoxins (Cotty et al. 1994; Klich 2007; Probst et al. 2010, 2011), is ubiquitous in the environment.
This virus is found in over 95% of all cervix cancers and has been clearly established as the primary causal agent.
They also found significantly more E. coli isolates in affected sheep than in unaffected animals, but since the prevalence rate was low (7,5%) they considered this agent not to be a primary causal agent.
E. coli is the primary causal agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and accounts for > 75% of community-acquired UTIs in all age groups, whereas Staphylococcus saprophyticus accounts for 10% of total UTIs [ 14].
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Clade 2 of the Fusarium solani species complex contains plant pathogens including Fusarium virguliforme and closely related species Fusarium brasiliense, Fusarium crassistipitatum, Fusarium tucumaniae, which are the primary causal agents of soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), a significant threat to soybean production.
Clinical and molecular epidemiological studies demonstrated convincingly that certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the primary causal agents in the development of cervical carcinoma (Bosch and de Sanjose, 2002; Munoz et al, 2003).
In view of the high toxicity of PCDFs found in the yu-cheng patients' blood, we must deduce that they are the primary causal agents of yusho as well as of the yu-cheng incident.
This study has identified that a series of mutations in the Arabidopsis homoserine kinase gene DMR1 confers resistance in silique tissue to the primary causal agents of cereal FEB disease, a source of crop yield losses and grain contamination.
Monosporascus cannonballus is the main causal agent of melon vine decline disease.
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