The major substrates for OXPHOS are O2, which is the terminal electron acceptor, and pyruvate, which is the primary carbon source.
Butyric acid could significantly increase the butanol yield at low pH values if sufficient quantities of primary carbon source (glycerol) were present.
Independent from Gln, blood PMN from cows in early lactation may use certain AA as their primary carbon source for energy than cows in later lactation.
The inoculum for batch cultivations was prepared as a pre-culture in minimal medium, containing the same primary carbon source as the intended batch cultivation.
The primary carbon source utilized for the growth of the algae was CO2 (TOC decreased by ~ 57 mg L−1 [Table 2) while the biomass increased by 1790 mg L−1 (Table 3)].
Unlike B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. suis, B. ovis is unable to grow on glucose or galactose as a primary carbon source [40].
As expected, Mtb icl-TetON did not grow in medium that contained a fatty acid (butyrate) as the primary carbon source without atc (Figure 10.A).
Deletion of icl1 and icl2 prevented growth of Mtb with fatty acids as the primary carbon source and also prevented growth of Mtb in mice [40].
Each of the three knockdown mutants and the two reference strains were grown separately before equal amounts of each strain were mixed and used to inoculate (i) 7H9 medium, (ii) Sauton's medium with glycerol as the primary carbon source, and (iii) Sauton's medium with butyrate as the primary carbon source.
As expected, we found (i) that atc did not alter the relative growth rates of Erdman, of icl-TetON in medium containing glycerol as the primary carbon source [40], and of rv3671c-TetON in 7H9 medium [41], (ii) that growth of prcBA-TetON in 7H9 was slightly reduced without atc [43], and (iii) that growth of icl-TetON without atc was reduced with butyrate as the primary carbon source [40].
Given that these four compounds, particularly malate, can serve as a primary carbon source to support respiration in root nodule bacteroids [23], it is possible that 'Ca. L. solanacearum' may also utilize malate as a carbon source when colonizing potato plants, in addition to glucose (above).
