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In publishing the standard, N.I.S.T. acknowledged "contributions" from N.S.A., but not primary authorship.
More than that, they argue that being able to claim primary authorship of a bill that gets approved in either chamber is only one measure of success, particularly since Republicans are reluctant to give Democrats credit for much of anything.
Samuel Beckett, thanks to the line containing the words "fail better", is enjoying a new and unlikely half-life among captains of industry, tennis players and motivators (amusingly, Richard Branson, acknowledging the quote's primary authorship, said "from the playwright, Samuel Beckett, but it could just as easily come from the mouth of yours truly").
So Dr Ioannidis and Dr Nicholson first investigated the overlap between study-section membership, primary authorship of the high-impact papers they had identified, and the current recipients of NIH grants, as listed on the NIH website.The upshot was that only 6% of the high-impact primary authors they identified as working at American institutions are members of NIH study sections.
The most common problem junior scientists encounter is exclusion from primary authorship.
Primary authorship is highly valued because it usually indicates who had the idea, who was the "main mover" in the work, or both, Kosslyn says.
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We're not quite at the level of Joe Klein admitting his authorship of "Primary Colors".
But anyone versed in the primary material of the authorship question will emerge essentially unsatisfied.
Our primary focus was on authorship trends but we also describe trends in other tasks where the information was available.
The mischievous Christopher Hitchens, for example, began signing copies of Primary Colors in book stores, claiming authorship.
Currently, the primary means of reputation building is authorship on journal articles.
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